1/2/2024 0 Comments Doomsday vault 60However, how seed-associated microbes influence the different growth stages during seed germination and later plant growth and provide biotic–abiotic stress resistance still need to be investigated ( Adam et al., 2018 Berg and Raaijmakers, 2018).ĭifferent seed-associated microbes were identified to protect crops against various biotic–abiotic stresses and enhance plant growth ( Links et al., 2014 Mousa et al., 2016 Gdanetz and Trail, 2017 Shahzad et al., 2018 Li et al., 2020, 2021 Hone et al., 2021). The seed-borne microbes can colonize the emerging seedlings before the intake of microbes from the surrounding environment and can promote germination and early plant vigor and survival ( Truyens et al., 2015). The seed microbiome is known to harbor a wide range of microbial species ( Johnston-Monje et al., 2016 Shade et al., 2017 Adam et al., 2018). Horizontal transfer of the microbes can occur via their uptake from the surrounding environment ( Johnston-Monje et al., 2016 Shade et al., 2017 Adam et al., 2018 Nelson, 2018). The seed-associated microbes are reported to have plant genotype specificity and can vertically transmit from one generation to the next plant generation. This method has been identified to work well for seeds of many plant species known as orthodox seeds ( Cochrane et al., 2007).Ĭrop seeds are known to transmit a plant-specific core microbiota ( Berg and Raaijmakers, 2018). According to the standard method, seeds are first kept under drying conditions at 10–15% relative humidity and 10–15☌ to achieve a seed moisture content of 3–7% followed by their storage at or below −18☌. International standards are adapted by seed vaults for long-term seed storage. Globally, seed vaults preserve plant genetic diversity for research and plant-breeding activities for improving food and nutritional security ( Asdal and Guarino, 2018). Seed vaults play a significant role in facilitating the ex situ conservation of germplasm of a range of crop species, their closely associated crop wild relatives (CWRs), and other wild species ( Hay and Probert, 2013). The standard seed storage condition of −20☌ is most suitable for conservation of the bacterial seed microbiome, as this storage temperature slows down the loss of seed bacterial diversity over longer time periods, particularly low-abundance taxa. Overall, these results indicate that the initial seed drying affects the seed bacterial composition, suggesting that microbial isolation prior to seed drying is recommended to conserve these microbes. The main taxa were largely culturable and had similar relative abundance, while many, but not all, of the low-abundance taxa were also culturable. The changes in seed bacterial composition were reflected by cultured bacterial taxa obtained from the stored G. For many of the low-abundance Genera, storage at −20☌ resulted in their gradual disappearance, whereas storage at 4☌ or RT resulted in their more rapid disappearance. Subsequent storage at RT, 4, or −20☌ maintained high-abundance Genera at the majority of time points, although RT caused greater fluctuations in abundances. Undried seed was dominated by Pantoea (33.9%) and Pseudomonas (51.1%) however, following drying, the abundance of Pseudomonas declined significantly (0.9%), Pantoea increased significantly (73.6%), and four genera previously identified including Pajaroellobacter, Nesterenkonia, env.OPS_17, and Acidibacter were undetectable. max was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria under all conditions. Storage temperatures consisted of −20☌, 4☌, and room temperature (RT), with −20☌ being commonly used in seed storage vaults globally. max bacterial microbiome was analyzed from undried seed, dried seed, and seed stored for 0, 3, 6, and 14months. In this study, soybean seeds were analyzed to characterize changes in the bacterial community composition and culturability under varying storage conditions. However, little is known about the impact of standard storage procedures, such as seed drying and cold storage on the seed bacterial community, and the ability to recover seed-associated bacteria after storage. Global seed vaults are important, as they conserve plant genetic resources for future breeding to improve crop yield and quality and to overcome biotic and abiotic stresses. 3Agriculture Victoria Research, Australian Grains Genebank, Horsham, VIC, Australia.2School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.1Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.Ankush Chandel 1,2 *, Ross Mann 1, Jatinder Kaur 1, Sally Norton 3, Jacqueline Edwards 1,2, German Spangenberg 1,2 and Timothy Sawbridge 1,2
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